Mary, Queen of Scots, Queen of Scotland, was born at Linlithgow Palace, Scotland, in 1542.
Mary, Queen of Scots, commonly known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, reigned as Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced resignation in 1567. Mary, King James V of Scotland's only legitimate child, was six days old when her father died and she ascended to the throne. She spent the most of her upbringing in France when Scotland was controlled by regents, and she married France's Dauphin, Francis, in 1558. From his ascension in 1559 to his death in December 1560, Mary was the queen consort of France. Mary returned to Scotland when her husband died, landing in Leith on August 19, 1561. She married her half-cousin Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, four years later, and they had a son, James, in June 1566
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Alfred Nobel, the Swedish scientist who created dynamite and organised the Nobel Prize ceremony on this date, died at the age of 63 in 1896.
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