As an alternative to the Gross National Product, Bhutan's Fourth King devised the notion of Gross National Happiness in the 1970s to assess the nation's well-being. They take a comprehensive approach to advancement and place equal emphasis on non-economic components of happiness. Its four pillars are frequently used to explain it: sustainable development, environmental protection, cultural preservation, and good governance. Before being approved, all of Bhutan's governmental programmes and initiatives must go through a GNH screening mechanism to ensure they do not have a negative influence on its people's well-being.