The Arctic is largely made up of ocean, while Antarctica is mostly made up of land. While both are covered in sheets of ice, the water beneath the Arctic ice cap (which lies just about a foot above the sea) may retain heat and assist warm the surrounding air. According to Scientific American, "the surface of the ice sheet at the South Pole is more than 9000 feet in elevation—more than a mile and a half above sea level" in Antarctica. (Of course, higher elevations result in cooler temperatures.) The North Pole's average summer temperature is 32°F. It is -18°F at the South Pole.
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