Women, believe it or not, are more vulnerable to liver disease such as hepatitis (an inflammation of the liver) and are more likely to die from liver cirrhosis (a chronic disease). Women are also more likely to suffer from alcohol-related brain damage, such as loss of mental functions and reduced brain size.

You may have noticed that women take more risks than men, and there is a scientific reason for this. Women have a larger anterior cingulate cortex than men, which is the part of the brain that weighs options when making a decision. Some argue that this was evolution's way of making women better caregivers and saving the "tribe" when it came to gathering food and establishing social structures.

Dolphins are believed to be among the brightest creatures on the world, probably due to their ability to save mental energy. Because they must always be on the alert for predators, marine animals have devised a clever mechanism that allows them to maintain partial consciousness while a portion of their brain sleeps. Researchers investigated if this "half sleep" affects the animals' awareness during the day, but discovered that they were as attentive and observant as before after five days of having their nocturnal alertness regularly evaluated.

Men have selective hearing, it's a fact! They can only listen to their female partners for 6 minutes, but this time is more than doubled to 15 minutes when they talk to their male friends. Before you start blaming men for their lack of attention, keep in mind that women pay more attention to conversations with their friends than to conversations with their romantic partners.

We frequently get stuck in our heads with a song we don't even like. To get rid of the annoyance, simply listen to the song until the very end. This is because the so-called "earworm" is on a loop, and finishing the song helps you get rid of it.

The prevalent word for apes, "bonobo," may appear to be a translation of a significant term, but it was really the consequence of a mistake. The creatures were initially discovered in the 1920s in the town of Bolobo, Zaire, but the name of the town was misspelt "Bonobo" on the shipping container in which the animal was housed, prompting others to call the species by that name, which stuck.

The ability to forget is a sign of high intelligence. According to scientists, forgetting is equally important as remembering. "Bad memory" is a mechanism in your brain that allows you to make more room in your brain for more relevant information. It also prevents your brain from squandering space and energy.

In the second millennium BC, ancient Egyptians described hysteria for the first time. The term 'hysteria' was coined by Hippocrates from the Greek adjective hysterikos, which means "from the womb." He blamed hysteria on the womb wandering within the female body, which caused anxiety, tremors, convulsions, paralysis, and a sense of suffocation. Hysteria was first associated with the brain in the 18th century, rather than the uterus. According to Sigmund Freud, it is caused by trauma and can affect both sexes. The DSM did not remove the concept of hysterical neurosis until 1980. Dissociative disorders are now thought to cause hysterical symptoms.

According to research, the average attention span has shrunk by 12 minutes in the last decade. Human attention spans are now shorter than those of goldfish. Some research has even found a link between device multitasking — such as scrolling through social media while watching TV — and declining attention spans.

This study was inspired by evidence obtained from wrongful conviction cases. The study involved interviewing adult suspects in a comfortable setting and employing poor memory retrieval techniques. Within three hours, the suspects had been interrogated in ways that led them to believe in and confess to crimes they had not committed. They were even able to vividly describe the events, and some of them believed they had committed a crime as serious as assault with a weapon as teenagers. Are you willing to be persuaded?

When asked what colour is their favourite, people all over the world consistently say blue. Blue is preferred by up to 40% of those polled, with purple being preferred by around 14%. Surprisingly, mosquitoes prefer blue to any other colour; they try to bite people wearing blue more than any other colour.

The power suit, the little black dress, graduation gowns, and judge's robes all have a gravitas that is often interpreted as power. Are you going to a job interview or a meeting to ask for a raise? Put on that black outfit! Think about how your perception of colours influences your mood or decisions the next time you're walking outside, meeting with friends, or shopping for a new item in your home.

Although yellow is widely regarded as a mood-enhancing colour, it is not recommended as a primary colour scheme. According to studies, rooms with too much yellow may cause people to lose their tempers more easily.

Though concluding definitively that colour affects a person's psyche has proven difficult, there have been a plethora of studies — some official, some not so official — that have come close. These investigations date back to the 1930s, when neurologist Kurt Goldstein began experimenting with colour and appearance. Goldstein discovered, for example, that people automatically assume red objects are heavier, while green objects are lighter.

Examine the yellow block above for a long time. Is it dizzying after a while? Perhaps even nauseous? If this is the case, you are not alone. A number of studies have found that the colour yellow can make people feel dizzy and nauseated. As a result, it is frequently used sparingly (or very strategically) by those in advertising and is almost never used in the interiors of various modes of transportation, most notably aeroplanes.

Granted, everyone dislikes certain colours, but is it really possible to be afraid of a specific colour? Apparently, yes. Chromophobia, also known as Chromatophobia, is an irrational fear or aversion to certain colours. Fortunately, chromophobia is an extremely rare diagnosis that is caused by a conditioned response or a previous negative experience.

Researchers at Arizona State University made the ground-breaking discovery that the ability to see red in all its glory is frequently gender-dependent. There is a gene that allows people to see and interpret red and its related colours such as cardinal, maroon, crimson, and so on, and that gene is linked to the x-chromosome. Because women are born with two x chromosomes, they have a better ability to see the entire red spectrum, whereas men, with a single x chromosome, aren't necessarily equipped to tell the difference between red and, say, cardinal.

When people meet for the first time, colour recognition accounts for the vast majority of their first impressions. According to studies, those who consistently wear neutral or black make fewer positive first impressions, whereas those who wear brighter colours are more likely to form friendly bonds. Wearing hints of red (for women) or blue (for men) on a first date may result in stronger feelings and a definite second date, whereas those who wear black to a job interview are more likely to be hired.

If you approach someone on the street and ask them what their favourite number is—of all the entire numbers between 1 and 100—nearly 10% will respond "7." These were the results of mathematician Alex Bellos, who asked respondents to choose their favourite number and discovered that "7" was the most frequent answer. It was picked 9.7% of the time.

You'd think that the unlucky number 13 would be avoided by most individuals. However, according to Alex Bellos' study, it was the most popular two-digit number (chosen by 5% of all respondents) and the sixth-most popular number overall (after 7, 3, 8, 4, and 5 in the top five spots—yes, the number five is also the fifth most popular number).

The number 7 may be so popular due of its mathematical uniqueness. Alex Bellos explains once more: "Seven is the most prime of the first ten numbers. It cannot be multiplied or divided inside the group. It has a distinct vibe." For example, you could multiply 4 by 2 to obtain 8, or divide 10 by 2 to get 5, but you can't do anything with 7.

A googol is defined as one followed by one hundred zeroes. A googolplex is composed of a 1 followed by a googol zeroes. If it's difficult to picture how lengthy the number would be, there's a good reason for that: writing it out would result in a number so large that if written out and printed in a volumed series of books, it would weigh more than the whole world.

Anyone who has played blackjack understands that the aim is to go as close to 21 as possible without going over. However, the game is said to have originated in Italy as Thirty One, which goes back to the 15th century. The aim is identical (to get as near to 31 as possible), but there are a few differences: all cards numbered 8 through 10 are eliminated from the deck, and face cards are worth one-half their face value.

Because the volume of a cylinder is PI times the radius squared times the height, a pizza with radius "Z" and height "A" has a volume of... PI * z * z * a.