Black Hole: A Theory That You Must Know...
The Black Hole! I guess every one of us has heard this term the Black Hole at least once in a lifetime, most probably in our science or geography classes. We are told about the black hole but never in-depth as we are told about the other things of the universe. The universe in itself is a massive thing to study, the planets, the moons, the orbits, the galaxies, the stars, the meteors, and so much more. But there is a tiny thing in this universe called a black hole that we often miss out on, and that tiny thing of the universe has many things to study.
LET’S KNOW ABOUT THE BLACK HOLE IN A LITTLE DEPTH!
WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE, AND HOW IS IT FORMED?
Like the other cosmic things present in the universe, the Black Hole is a cosmic body. The Black Hole is a cosmic body from which nothing can pass, not even the light. The mysterious black hole is formed when a massive star faces its death. When a massive star is exhausted, the internal thermonuclear fuels in its core at the very end of its life. And ultimately, the core becomes unstable. Hence, it collapses gravitationally in itself, blowing out the outer layers of the star-forming a black hole. The mass of these stars is at least three times greater than that of the sun. Because of such a great mass, the collective force of gravity is responsible for keeping the building blocks of atoms from occupying the same space. This density results in a black hole.
HISTORY RELATED TO BLACK HOLES
These fascinating black holes were first predicted by the great scientist Albert Einstein in 1916, with the help of his general theory of relativity. But the term Blackhole was coined by an American astronomer in the year 1967. After this, the black hole was only theoretical for decades. But in the year 1971, we got the first discovery of a physical black hole ever. Then, after that incident in 2019, the Event Horizon Telescope collaboration released the first-ever picture of the recorded black hole. The back hole was seen in the M87 galaxy during an examination of something by the telescope. This picture gave new hope, excitement, and a new area of research to the astronomers.
TYPES OF BLACK HOLES THAT ASTRONOMERS IDENTIFIED TILL NOW AFTER SEEING THE PICTURE
After having a look at a black hole by the picture, astronomers identified three types of black holes, which are as follows-
SMALL BUT DEADLY BLACK HOLES KNOWN AS STELLAR BLACK HOLES
As stated above, the black holes are formed by the collapsing of the stars. The stellar black holes are formed by the bigger stars as when it collapses, it continues the compression that creates a stellar black hole. But when a small or swarf star collapses, the new core becomes a neutron star or white dwarf. The stellar black holes consume a lot of gas and dust from the adjacent galaxies, contributing to the growth of stellar black holes.
SUPERMASSIVE BLACK HOLES
The supermassive black holes dominate the universe. The supermassive black holes are millions or billions of times massive than the sun. It is believed that each galaxy has one supermassive black hole in the center of it. However, scientists and astronomers are still not sure how these supermassive black holes are formed. It is thought that these supermassive black holes are formed by the gathering of hundreds and thousands of tiny black holes. But still, the formation of these supermassive black holes is unclear.
INTERMEDIATE BLACK HOLES
According to recent research, it has been found that there is the possibility of a mid-size or intermediate-size black hole. The Intermediate size, as the name suggests, is neither too huge nor too small. It is thought that these black holes are formed when stars in a cluster collide in a chain reaction.
HOW BLACK HOLES LOOK LIKE?
According to the astronomers, the black hole comprises three layers: the outer and inner event horizon and the singularity.
The mouth of the black hole from which even the light can’t pass and the gravity is constant is the outer event horizon. The inner event horizon of a black hole is where the mass of the object lies, and singularity is the single point in space-time where the mass of the black hole is concentrated.
FACTS ABOUT THE BLACK HOLES
There are so many weird facts related to the Blackhole. Let’s clarify them!
One of the facts is that the black hole will stretch you like a portion of spaghetti in it. But it is not so. The quantum effects in the horizon act like a ball of fire that can burn the whole body, causing your death. It has been found that if a star passes too close to the black hole, it can be torn apart. One of the best ones is that the black holes do not suck. It is caused by the vacuum, which the black hole is definitely not. Objects fell into them as the objects fell on the earth due to gravity!